Callbacks are great and always have been. Long ago, we didn’t know we were injecting control or inverting dependencies; we just used them. When closures appeared, I did not see a huge difference: a little state here, a little context there. I have found my Closures Killer App: remote cleanup

Here is an example in Go:

In the calling code (with dependencies on DataDog, Redis, etc.)

type cleanupSignature  func(aName, aType string) func()

cleanupFactory := func(aName, aType string) func() {
    if _, found := SpanFromContext(context); !found {
        span, _ := datadog.SpanFromContext(context, aName, aType)
        return func() {
            span.Finish()
        }
    } else {
        return func(){}
    }
}

baz := foo(cleanupFactory, bar)

// ...

In the called code (with no dependencies on context, DataDog, etc.)

func foo(cleanupFactory cleanupSignature, zap int) string {

Python holds a deep, dark secret: it can be as unpredictable as Ruby if we let it. Even with the new typing¹, the staggering flexibility of Python at runtime remains. We can change individual instances of classes to anything we want, and nothing can stop us

But It Would Be Wrong

The whole point of classes and instances is that they are predictable: every instance should act the same; every subclass should do the same things, perhaps in slightly different ways². Cleverly³ changing instance 47 to get around some restrictive class design might feel good, but it is a land-mine you planted waiting for the next developer to come along

Except

Except for testing. Testing less than end-to-end involves making some code think that it’s in the real world when it is not. Be it mocks,, stubs, composition, or references to services, tests need to simulate other code to simplify, isolate, and...

Software, at least traditionally, was made in layers and parts, and each part has its own domain and its own technology. Developers know multiple languages and multiple domains, i.e. their skills gained from training and experience, but no developer knows every language and domain, however inconvenient this is for managers, and therefore recruiters. A team would have members who brought different skills and experiences.
A recent innovation is the invention of the Full‑Stack Developer to get exactly the skills needed in one engineer

“Stack” is a description of technologies that interact with each other. Originally, the stack extended down to the operating system and the binary network protocol and the physical electronic connections, and now the most common range of the stack is the data store (e.g. Redis, SQL) to servers (e.g. APIs) using communications protocols (e.g. REST, Thrift...

Futures defer execution of code. They can allow code to wait for external resources like file reads, network calls, and database access, and then automatically continue without stopping every other operation. They allow the definition (i.e. coding) of entire sequences of work in one place rather than having one function hand-off to another (presumably coordinated) function

Python’s syntax for Futures (and coroutines) is simple and, for me, surprisingly confusing at first. I have concluded that Futures in Python boil down to three (3) rules:

1. Functions prefixed with async return a Future¹ when called even if the function itself does not return a result. The code inside the function does not execute until something resolves the Future

2. The ways to resolve a Future are

   • await <Future>
   • asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(<Future>) or ayncio.run(<Future>)²

3. Use await inside asyn...

When getting one’s code or wiki entry or blog post reviewed, if a reviewer asks a good question (e.g. what the code is doing or why the code does not follow the common conventions), don’t answer them directly The problem is not that they have a question; the problem is that your code or text is not clear

Don’t mansplain with comments, READMEs, or call-outs in documentation; improve it so it can clearly speak for itself. A comment can improve code if it explains why the code is not doing the obvious thing; otherwise, it is compensating for something that will, once improved, not need compensation

Comment only what the code cannot say – Kevlin Henney

Change the text or code so it is clearer: improve the nomenclature or break operations into separate functions; add a diagram to show what you mean; replace magic numbers and codes with constants. You will likely find bugs, missing cases...

In times of crisis, everyone just gets stuff done to keep the boat afloat and ship that one, promised feature. Young startups are constantly in crisis: pivoting, shucking and jiving, all hands on deck, working all night to get the demo up. They need heroes who can do anything and everything. They don’t have time to explain or document, and — since everything is changing anyway — “what’s the point?”

Some people thrive in a chaotic environment. It engages their complete concentration and creativity. They are praised and rewarded for how much they can do and, often, how much effort they put into doing it. They know where things break, what they look like when they break, and how to fix them (at least in the short term). They like the environment; it fits them, it finds them, it breeds them. They are heroes

A startup entering adolescence has these heroic veterans of the early battles. As...

source code,
like poetry,
is more than its words and symbols
(or the bytes they represent)

it has shapes that communicate
its intentions

While we might share Mr. Jourdain’s¹ delight, we should not ignore the shape of our code as well as its syntax. In deciphering code, others (or ourselves after a few weeks) can use the shape and flavour of code not merely as artistic or affected expressions, but as guides to its meaning. While rhyming, alliteration, and meter are usually not practical for source code itself, patterns, rhythms, and flow are

Patterns and rhythm are how the logical parts of code (e.g. functions) resemble each other, how they appear when arranged or nested (e.g. methods in a class), and how variations from these patterns are intentional and recognizable. Top-level code, often the public-interface functions² that begin the orchestration of all the specialized procedures...

1. It Really Wants To Be Modal

click-release-move instead of click-drag¹

The common click-drag idiom used everywhere else does not work well in SketchUp

Once you are in a mode (by selecting a tool and clicking on a starting point once), you can rotate and pan the view (camera) to find and select the points you want to synchronize with your clicked-point or enter a numeric length. Then, exit the mode by clicking once or pressing Enter for the number. Holding the left mouse button makes it harder and prevents some nice features (see Control the Axes below)

2. Use the Tape Measure and Guide-Lines Constantly

Guide-lines allow you to do what you want without fighting the model. If you want to show a dimension and you cannot find the points to connect, draw a guide exactly where you want (e.g. specify a length) and use the endpoints of the guide for your dimension²
When resizing or...

Languages have rules about how their words or signs fit together (syntax). They have patterns of how their words or signs tend to sound or look, how some elements are built out of others, and how poets break the rules to make things interesting. One can have words or signs that look like they belong to a language, are sequenced, conjugated, declined, and capitalized correctly, and yet are not valid examples of that language. Likewise, one can have elements of a language used correctly according to those rules, but their combination has no meaning¹ according to its semantics, even to poets²

Software .. [are] systems of meaning – Kevlin Henny

Software languages, while using words from human languages, are even more rigid in their grammar, syntax, and context, and still are able to hide incorrect meaning in technically correct text

This And That

Even seemingly obvious things like...